Saturday, March 14, 2015

The Rape Narrative

‘Niharan’ workshop was organized by a national organization named ‘No Country for Women’ (http://nocountryforwomen.org/) during ‘Kshitij’ – the techno-management fest of IIT Kharagpur held in January 2015. I had the opportunity to attend the deliberations made on the second day of this three-day workshop. The team discussed the rape narrative in detail.
To start with, the participants / audience were asked to submit few keywords associated with rape, such as – abuse of the weaker sex, non-consensual sexual activity, etc. Noted below are the few fundamental questions which were raised at the forum.
‘What will be the attributes of the person one who gets raped, the one who rapes?’
The usual narrative in vogue, as constructed and popularized by media, paints the rapist as an underprivileged, uneducated stranger-man from rural hinterland, but living in an urban slum; and the one who works as a taxi-driver or an industrial worker. On the other hand, a scantily clad elite woman standing outside a pub late in the midnight trying to find a taxi home is usually being assumed to have provoked the man to rape her.
However, this narrative is seldom true. On the contrary, responding to the question above, the house concluded that it could be anyone who rapes and gets raped - irrespective of gender, age, class, and caste. Contrary to the popular belief, in most of the cases the rapist has been known to the victim.
‘When and where does rape happen?’
Again, as per the popular narrative, rape almost always happens late in the midnight, out on the dark streets, in the less inhabited areas of the city and its periphery.
With the responses gathered, it was agreed by all that rape may happen at any hour of the day, even within the so called ‘safe’ confines of home.
Summarily, the deliberations underlined that the popular rape narrative is just a part of the complete picture, even that being a skewed one. It doesn’t consider many other forms of similar atrocities - namely marital and custodian rape; rape of a man; sexual abuse of vulnerable classes such as children and LGBTQ individuals – which seldom get highlighted. The question of morality was left being discussed.

(P.S.: This discussion shall be seen in light of the recent controversy over Indian Government banning the screening of the documentary ‘India’s Daughter’ which uplifts the sameness of rapist’s mind-set - ranging from the rapist to defense-lawyers and many others.)

Tuesday, August 19, 2014

Can Cities grow without Slums?

Can Cities grow without Slums?

Prolouge: 

This is note based on the post published in 'The Guardian' on 11th August 2014 titled 'Hanoi: is it possible to grow a city without slums?' (may refer the link: http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/aug/11/hanoi-slums-vietnam-urban-planning-construction). The same was shared by Mr. Sahil Sasidharan on 'Planning India' page on Facebook. Thanks to Sahil!

Background:

Slums have almost become an indispensable part of growing metropolises, particularly in the developing nations. This article/ report has raised a potent question if we can plan cities without having the ubiquitous slums. Hanoi, the Vietnamese Capital, has found a somewhat convenient solution to the issue! Slums - or otherwise illegal settlements/ housing in the City - are tagged legal if the residential structures happen to meet certain minimum standards; and accordingly, such houses are provided with the basic set of services - sanitation, electricity and water. Which is why, 'slums' are termed as 'spontaneous urban development' by the urban planners in this quarter of the world. How effective is this solution of legalizing the otherwise unplanned development?

Informal Settlements in Hanoi

In Hanoi, if you are opportunistic enough to grab a parcel of land as small as 20 sq.m. and build a house on it while maintaining the building regulations, the house may be legalized. This has led to boom in the Construction Industry here. Old buildings are demolished, and replaced by bigger ones without having to process for sanction from the municipal body or the local government. This policy is enabling migrants to the City to build dwellings for themselves when the Administration has failed to provide housing to all. To my understanding, a deeper study is needed to understand if this policy has contributed to population explosion in Hanoi, and consequent pressures on the civic infrastructure.

Contemporary practices in other developing nations

About one-third of the population in Delhi, India - the National Capital - lives in informal settlements, termed as 'Unauthorized Colonies' (UC). Such colonies are gradually being placed under the ambit of a Regularization Policy, subject to planned redevelopment. The residents in these colonies formulate a large vote-share and hence, the subject of regularization is politically motivated. Similar strategies are also prevalent for slums in Brazilian Cities, called 'favelas' where ownership rights to land-parcel has been awarded to slum-dwellers as a policy to regularize informality.